cl11966

RelA- and SpoT-like ppGpp Synthetases and Hydrolases, catalytic domain; The Rel-Spo superfamily includes the catalytic domains of Escherichia coli ppGpp synthetase (RelA), ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase (SpoT), and related proteins. RelA synthesizes (p)ppGpp in response to amino-acid starvation and in association with ribosomes. (p)ppGpp triggers the bacterial stringent response. SpoT catalyzes (p)ppGpp synthesis under carbon limitation in a ribosome-independent manner. It also catalyzes (p)ppGpp degradation. Gram-negative bacteria have two enzymes involved in (p)ppGpp metabolism while most Gram-positive organisms have a single Rel-Spo enzyme (Rel), which both synthesizes and degrades (p)ppGpp. The Arabidopsis thaliana Rel-Spo proteins, At-RSH1,-2, and-3 appear to regulate a rapid (p)ppGpp-mediated response to pathogens and other stresses. This catalytic domain is found in association with an N-terminal HD domain and a C-terminal metal dependent phosphohydrolase domain (TGS). Some Rel-Spo proteins also have a C-terminal regulatory ACT domain.